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Dairying in Punjab
A Statistical Profile
2014
Glossary
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Glossary
AI
: Artificial Insemination is the process of deliberate introduction of sperm into the
female reproductive tract for impregnation.
Bovine
: large ruminants like cattle, buffaloes, yak and mithun.
Breedable
: female animals that have attained the age of puberty.
Breeding Tract
: area where breeds/group of animals are found.
Calving Interval
: period between two calvings.
Castration
: technique by which males are made sterile for use in draught operations.
Crossbred
: animal produced by hybridization of two different breeds.
CP
: approximate amount of protein in the feed.
DM
: dry biomass available from feed and fodder.
Dry Animal
: adult animals calved at least once but not in-milk at present.
Food Grains
: cereals and pulses.
GSDP
: basic measure of a State’s overall economic performance. It represents the market
value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a State in a year.
Indigenous Animals
: animals native to a particular area.
In-milk Animals
: animals which are lactating.
Irrigation Intensity
: (Gross irrigated area/Net irrigated area) * 100.
Lactation Length
: number of days the animal secretes milk.
Lactation Yield
: total milk production over period of 300/305 days.
Literacy Rate
: percentage of literates in the age group above six years.
Livestock
: domesticated mammals.
Male to Female Ratio
: number of males to females.
Milch Animals
: sum of in-milk and dry animals.
Milk Utilisation Pattern
: quantities of milk retained for home consumption in liquid form, retained for product
conversion and milk sold by the milk producers.
Marginal Holdings
: farmers possessing less than one hectare of operational holding.
Small Holdings
: greater than one hectare and less than two hectare of operational holding.
Semi Medium
: greater than two and less than four hectare of operational holding.
Medium Holdings
: are more than four and less than ten hectare of operational holding.
Large Holdings
: are those larger than ten hectare of operational holding.
Population Density
: number of human beings/animals per square km of geographical area.
Poultry
: all categories of chicken, guinea fowls, turkey, ducks and quails.
Sex Ratio
: ratio of females to 1,000 males in a population.
Small Ruminants
: sum of sheep and goats.
TDN
: nutrients of feed which can be digested.
Urbanisation
: per cent of urban population to total population.
Wet to Dry Ratio
: ratio of number of in-milk animals to dry ones.